Gustav Klimt (1862–1918) was as controversial as he was successful in his time. His modern works were often criticized for being too sensual and erotic and his symbolism too deviant. Today, they are regarded as some of the most important paintings ever to come out of Vienna.

After an early impressionist phase Klimt came under the influence of symbolism and art nouveau. During this time he was a prominent member of the Vienna Secession. His own mature style, manifested in large allegorical paintings as well as female portraits, combined a linear construction with a hint of modernity that links him with the next generation of expressionists.